International Journal of
Advanced Multidisciplinary Application

Volume 1, Issue 3

• Author(s)Amanuel Bekele, Selamawit Mekonnen, Dawit Tesfaye
• AffiliationAddis Ababa University, Ethiopia
• Page No.1-10
• Volume, Issue & YearVolume 1, Issue 3, Nov 2024
• Published On2024/11/30
• JournalInternational Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Application (IJAMA)
• ISSN No.3048-9350

Abstract

This study explores customer discrimination against fictitious male and female food truck owners with Arabic-sounding names through a web-based experiment conducted at a Swedish university campus. Utilizing responses from 1,406 students, the findings indicate no significant evidence of discrimination. Participants displayed slightly higher positivity towards food trucks run by males with Arabic-sounding names compared to their Swedish counterparts. These results contribute to the understanding of customer discrimination, highlighting its variability across contexts and the need for further research.

Keywords: customer discrimination, immigrant self-employment, social identity theory, web-based experiment, fast food market, Swedish university

References

1. [1] L. Alden and M. Hammarstedt, “Discrimination in the credit market? Access to financial capital among self-employed immigrants,” Kyklos, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 3–31, 2016.
2. [2] L. Alden and M. Hammarstedt, “Egenföretagande bland utrikes födda: En översikt av utvecklingen under 2000-talet,” Arbetsmarknadsekonomiska rådet, Underlagsrapport 1/2017, 2017.
3. [3] L. Andersson and M. Hammarstedt, “Intergenerational transmissions in immigrant self-employment: Evidence from three generations,” Small Business Economics, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 261–276, 2010.
4. [4] L. Andersson and M. Hammarstedt, “Ethnic enclaves, networks, and self-employment among Middle Eastern immigrants in Sweden,” International Migration, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 27–40, 2015.
5. [5] A. Ahmed and M. Hammarstedt, “Discrimination in the rental housing market: A field experiment on the internet,” Journal of Urban Economics, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 362–372, 2008.
6. [6] R. Bar and A. Zussman, “Customer discrimination: Evidence from Israel,” Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1031–1059, 2017.
7. [7] G. S. Becker, The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press, 1957.
8. [8] G. J. Borjas, “The self-employment experience of immigrants,” Journal of Human Resources, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 487–506, 1986.
9. [9] G. J. Borjas and S. G. Bronars, “Customer discrimination and self-employment,” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 581–605, 1989.
10. [10] M. Carlsson and D. O. Rooth, “Evidence of ethnic discrimination in the Swedish labour market using experimental data,” Labour Economics, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 716–729, 2007.
11. [11] K. Clark and S. Drinkwater, “Pushed out or pulled in? Self-employment among ethnic minorities in England and Wales,” Labour Economics, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 603–628, 2000.
12. [12] K. Clark, S. Drinkwater, and C. Robinson, “Self-employment among migrant groups: New evidence from England and Wales,” Small Business Economics, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1047–1069, 2017.
13. [13] P.-P. Combes, B. Decreuse, M. Laouenan, and A. Trannoy, “Customer discrimination and employment outcomes: Theory and evidence from the French labor market,” Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 107–160, 2016.
14. [14] A. Constant and K. F. Zimmermann, “The making of entrepreneurs in Germany: Are immigrants and natives alike?” Small Business Economics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 279–300, 2006.
15. [15] J. L. Doleac and L. C. D. Stein, “The visible hand: Race and online market outcomes,” Economic Journal, vol. 123, no. 572, pp. F469–F492, 2013.
16. [16] R. W. Fairlie, “The absence of African-American owned businesses: An analysis of the dynamics of self-employment,” Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 80–108, 1999.
17. [17] R. W. Fairlie and B. D. Meyer, “Ethnic and racial self-employment differences and possible explanations,” Journal of Human Resources, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 757–793, 1996.
18. [18] R. W. Fairlie and A. M. Robb, “Why are black-owned businesses less successful than white-owned businesses? The role of families, inheritances, and business human capital,” Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 289–323, 2007.
19. [19] M. Hammarstedt, “Immigrant self-employment in Sweden: Its variation and some possible determinants,” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 147–161, 2001.
20. [20] M. Hammarstedt, “Self-employment among immigrants in Sweden: An analysis of intragroup differences,” Small Business Economics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 115–126, 2004.
21. [21] M. Hammarstedt, “The predicted earnings differential and immigrant self-employment in Sweden,” Applied Economics, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 619–630, 2006.
22. [22] H. J. Holzer and K. R. Ihlanfeldt, “Customer discrimination and employer outcomes for minority workers,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 835–867, 1998.
23. [23] M. Hout and H. Rosen, “Self-employment, family background, and race,” Journal of Human Resources, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 670–691, 2000.
24. [24] L. M. Kahn and P. D. Sherer, “Racial differences in professional basketball players’ compensation,” Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 40–61, 1988.
25. [25] J. S. Leonard, D. I. Levine, and L. Giuliano, “Customer discrimination,” Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 670–678, 2010.
26. [26] C. Nardinelli and C. Simon, “Customer racial discrimination in the market for memorabilia: The case of baseball,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 575–595, 1990.
27. [27] D. Neumark, “Sex discrimination in restaurant hiring: An audit study,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 915–941, 1996.
28. [28] A. M. Robb and R. W. Fairlie, “Determinants of business success: An examination of Asian-owned businesses in the USA,” Journal of Population Economics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 253–266, 2009.
29. [29] H. Tajfel, “Experiments in intergroup discrimination,” Scientific American, vol. 223, no. 5, pp. 96–103, 1970.
30. [30] H. Tajfel, M. G. Billig, R. P. Bundy, and C. Flament, “Social categorization and intergroup behaviour,” European Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 149–178, 1971.
31. [31] A. M. Yuengert, “Testing hypotheses of immigrant self-employment,” Journal of Human Resources, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 194–204, 1995.

Explore Our Related Journals

Looking for the right journal for your next manuscript? Explore our international peer-reviewed journals covering engineering, management, computer science, artificial intelligence and multidisciplinary research.