International Journal of
Advanced Multidisciplinary Application

Volume 3, Issue 7

• Author(s)Emmanuel O. Nwosu, Annika Berglund
• AffiliationDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
• Page No.88-94
• Volume, Issue & YearVolume 3, Issue 7, July 2026
• Published On2026/07/08
• JournalInternational Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Application (IJAMA)
• ISSN No.3048-9350

Abstract

India's National Electricity Plan targets 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, with hybrid solar–wind co-located systems increasingly mandated by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) as the preferred technology modality due to their superior land utilisation, grid complementarity, and dispatchability relative to single-technology plants. Despite growing deployment, systematic multi-site performance data spanning diverse Indian climatic regimes — arid desert, tropical coastal, and high-altitude highland — remains scarce in the peer-reviewed literature, limiting evidence-based policy optimisation. This paper presents a 36-month (January 2022–December 2024) field performance analysis of three grid-connected hybrid Solar PV–Wind–Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) plants commissioned under MNRE's Pilot Scheme for Hybrid Energy Systems: Site A (Thar Desert, Rajasthan; 4.2 MWp PV + 4.0 MW wind + 8.4 MWh BESS), Site B (Coastal Tamil Nadu; 2.8 MWp PV + 6.0 MW wind + 6.0 MWh BESS), and Site C (Highland Himachal Pradesh; 1.6 MWp PV + 4.0 MW wind + 4.8 MWh BESS). Monitored parameters include irradiance, wind speed, generation, BESS state-of-charge, grid availability, power quality metrics (THD, frequency deviation), and economic indicators (LCOE, curtailment rate). The Coastal Tamil Nadu site achieves the highest plant capacity factor (41.2%) and Complementarity Index (CI = 0.81), driven by strong diurnal solar–wind anti-correlation. Blended hybrid LCOE ranges from ₹2.68/kWh (Thar Desert) to ₹2.89/kWh (Highland HP), 18–31% below single-technology solar benchmarks for the same sites. All three sites meet CEA Grid Code reliability standards with SAIDI values of 18.4–41.6 min/yr versus the 60 min/yr norm. Cumulative CO₂ avoidance over 36 months totals 75,768 tCO₂ across the three sites.

Keywords: hybrid renewable energy, solar PV, wind energy, BESS, battery energy storage, complementarity index, LCOE, capacity factor, grid reliability, SAIDI, CEA Grid Code, India, MNRE, field deployment

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